Which statements are true regarding deterministic effects of radiation?

The statement that deterministic effects of radiation are early effects is accurate. Deterministic effects, also known as non-stochastic effects, present as a result of a known dose of radiation that surpasses a certain threshold. These effects manifest shortly after exposure due to the immediate damage caused to the cells and tissues.

Deterministic effects are characterized by their predictability based on the dose received, and they require a higher radiation dose to become evident. Therefore, their occurrence is linked to significant doses, not low doses, which is a significant distinction between them and stochastic effects.

In essence, these effects exhibit a clear cause-and-effect relationship regarding dose, which makes the identification of these early effects possible post-exposure. This is in contrast to stochastic effects, which can potentially occur at any radiation dose and tend to develop over a longer timeframe, such as cancer or genetic mutations.