What type of effects increase in probability with increased radiation dose?

The correct answer is that deterministic effects increase in probability with increased radiation dose. Deterministic effects are characterized by a clear relationship between the dose of radiation received and the severity of the effect that occurs. This means that as the dose of radiation increases, the likelihood of experiencing the effect also increases, which can include effects such as skin burns or radiation sickness. These effects typically have a threshold level; below this level, they may not occur.

In contrast, stochastic effects, which involve the probability of occurrence increasing with dose but without a defined severity (e.g., cancer risk), are marked by a different relationship with dose and are often uncertain in nature. Non-stochastic effects may cover a range of potential outcomes, but deterministic effects specifically align with the increase in probability linked directly to radiation dose.

Thus, understanding the nuances of these terms helps clarify how different radiation effects manifest in relation to exposure levels.