What occurs when radiation strikes the cytoplasm?

When radiation strikes the cytoplasm, an indirect effect occurs primarily due to the interaction of radiation with water molecules, which are abundant in the cytoplasm. This process leads to the ionization of water, resulting in the production of free radicals and other reactive species. These free radicals can then interact with various cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, potentially causing damage to these structures.

The indirect effect is significant because it highlights how radiation does not have to hit the DNA directly to cause harm; rather, the resulting molecular interactions from initial radiation exposure can lead to harmful biological consequences. This is a key aspect of understanding how radiation exposure can impact cellular functions and overall health.