What occurs during x-ray attenuation?

During x-ray attenuation, the interaction of x-rays with matter results in a combination of absorption and scattering. As x-rays pass through a substance, like biological tissue or an object, some of the x-ray photons are absorbed by the atoms within that substance, which contributes to the overall attenuation of the x-ray beam. At the same time, other x-rays may not be absorbed and are instead scattered in different directions.

This dual process is fundamental to the way x-ray imaging works, as it is the varying degrees of attenuation that create contrast in the resulting images. Denser materials, such as bone, tend to absorb more x-rays compared to less dense materials, allowing radiologists to differentiate between various tissues and structures in the body.

The other options do not accurately describe the process of x-ray attenuation. For instance, the suggestion that all x-rays are absorbed or that only scattered x-rays are captured does not reflect the behavior of x-rays in interaction with materials. Similarly, stating that no x-rays are transmitted overlooks the fact that some x-rays successfully pass through the material after undergoing scattering. Thus, the correct answer reflects the reality of what happens during this interaction, emphasizing both the absorption and scattering aspects.