What does a high dose of radiation have the potential to cause in rapidly dividing cells?

A high dose of radiation can lead to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cells. This is because such cells, which include those in bone marrow, intestinal lining, and hair follicles, are highly sensitive to damage from radiation. Rapidly dividing cells have a limited capacity to repair damage incurred in their DNA and cellular structures. When exposed to high levels of radiation, the resulting damage can overwhelm their repair mechanisms, leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death) or necrosis (uncontrolled cell death). This effect is a significant concern in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, where the goal is to kill malignant cells while sparing normal, healthy tissue.

In contrast, options such as increased differentiation, restoration of function, or enhanced growth do not accurately describe the outcome of high-dose radiation exposure, especially in rapidly dividing cells. Instead of promoting beneficial processes, such doses disrupt normal cellular function and can lead to significant biological consequences, including the loss of tissue integrity and function.